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31 Compiling and Running Sample Applications
32 =========================================
34 The chapter describes how to compile and run applications in an DPDK environment.
35 It also provides a pointer to where sample applications are stored.
39 Parts of this process can also be done using the setup script described in **Chapter 6** of this document.
41 Compiling a Sample Application
42 ------------------------------
44 Once an DPDK target environment directory has been created (such as x86_64-native-linuxapp-gcc),
45 it contains all libraries and header files required to build an application.
47 When compiling an application in the Linux* environment on the DPDK, the following variables must be exported:
49 * RTE_SDK - Points to the DPDK installation directory.
51 * RTE_TARGET - Points to the DPDK target environment directory.
53 The following is an example of creating the helloworld application, which runs in the DPDK Linux environment.
54 This example may be found in the ${RTE_SDK}/examples directory.
56 The directory contains the main.c file. This file, when combined with the libraries in the DPDK target environment,
57 calls the various functions to initialize the DPDK environment,
58 then launches an entry point (dispatch application) for each core to be utilized.
59 By default, the binary is generated in the build directory.
61 .. code-block:: console
63 user@host:~/DPDK$ cd examples/helloworld/
64 user@host:~/DPDK/examples/helloworld$ export RTE_SDK=$HOME/DPDK
65 user@host:~/DPDK/examples/helloworld$ export RTE_TARGET=x86_64-native-linuxapp-gcc
66 user@host:~/DPDK/examples/helloworld$ make
69 INSTALL-APP helloworld
70 INSTALL-MAP helloworld.map
72 user@host:~/DPDK/examples/helloworld$ ls build/app
73 helloworld helloworld.map
77 In the above example, helloworld was in the directory structure of the DPDK.
78 However, it could have been located outside the directory structure to keep the DPDK structure intact.
79 In the following case, the helloworld application is copied to a new directory as a new starting point.
81 .. code-block:: console
83 user@host:~$ export RTE_SDK=/home/user/DPDK
84 user@host:~$ cp -r $(RTE_SDK)/examples/helloworld my_rte_app
85 user@host:~$ cd my_rte_app/
86 user@host:~$ export RTE_TARGET=x86_64-native-linuxapp-gcc
87 user@host:~/my_rte_app$ make
90 INSTALL-APP helloworld
91 INSTALL-MAP helloworld.map
93 Running a Sample Application
94 ----------------------------
98 The UIO drivers and hugepages must be setup prior to running an application.
102 Any ports to be used by the application must be already bound to an appropriate kernel
103 module, as described in Section 3.5, prior to running the application.
105 The application is linked with the DPDK target environment's Environmental Abstraction Layer (EAL) library,
106 which provides some options that are generic to every DPDK application.
108 The following is the list of options that can be given to the EAL:
110 .. code-block:: console
112 ./rte-app -c COREMASK -n NUM [-b <domain:bus:devid.func>] [--socket-mem=MB,...] [-m MB] [-r NUM] [-v] [--file-prefix] [--proc-type <primary|secondary|auto>] [-- xen-dom0]
114 The EAL options are as follows:
116 * -c COREMASK: An hexadecimal bit mask of the cores to run on. Note that core numbering can change between platforms and should be determined beforehand.
118 * -n NUM: Number of memory channels per processor socket
120 * -b <domain:bus:devid.func>: blacklisting of ports; prevent EAL from using specified PCI device (multiple -b options are allowed)
122 * --use-device: use the specified ethernet device(s) only. Use comma-separate <[domain:]bus:devid.func> values. Cannot be used with -b option
124 * --socket-mem: Memory to allocate from hugepages on specific sockets
126 * -m MB: Memory to allocate from hugepages, regardless of processor socket. It is recommended that --socket-mem be used instead of this option.
128 * -r NUM: Number of memory ranks
130 * -v: Display version information on startup
132 * --huge-dir: The directory where hugetlbfs is mounted
134 * --file-prefix: The prefix text used for hugepage filenames
136 * --proc-type: The type of process instance
138 * --xen-dom0: Support application running on Xen Domain0 without hugetlbfs
140 * --vmware-tsc-map: use VMware TSC map instead of native RDTSC
142 * --base-virtaddr: specify base virtual address
144 * --vfio-intr: specify interrupt type to be used by VFIO (has no effect if VFIO is not used)
146 The -c and the -n options are mandatory; the others are optional.
148 Copy the DPDK application binary to your target, then run the application as follows
149 (assuming the platform has four memory channels per processor socket,
150 and that cores 0-3 are present and are to be used for running the application):
152 .. code-block:: console
154 user@target:~$ ./helloworld -c f -n 4
158 The --proc-type and --file-prefix EAL options are used for running multiple DPDK processes.
159 See the “Multi-process Sample Application” chapter in the *DPDK Sample Applications User Guide* and
160 the *DPDK Programmers Guide* for more details.
162 Logical Core Use by Applications
163 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
165 The coremask parameter is always mandatory for DPDK applications.
166 Each bit of the mask corresponds to the equivalent logical core number as reported by Linux.
167 Since these logical core numbers, and their mapping to specific cores on specific NUMA sockets, can vary from platform to platform,
168 it is recommended that the core layout for each platform be considered when choosing the coremask to use in each case.
170 On initialization of the EAL layer by an DPDK application, the logical cores to be used and their socket location are displayed.
171 This information can also be determined for all cores on the system by examining the /proc/cpuinfo file, for example, by running cat /proc/cpuinfo.
172 The physical id attribute listed for each processor indicates the CPU socket to which it belongs.
173 This can be useful when using other processors to understand the mapping of the logical cores to the sockets.
177 A more graphical view of the logical core layout may be obtained using the lstopo Linux utility.
178 On Fedora* Linux, this may be installed and run using the following command:
180 .. code-block:: console
182 sudo yum install hwloc
187 The logical core layout can change between different board layouts and should be checked before selecting an application coremask.
189 Hugepage Memory Use by Applications
190 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
192 When running an application, it is recommended to use the same amount of memory as that allocated for hugepages.
193 This is done automatically by the DPDK application at startup,
194 if no -m or --socket-mem parameter is passed to it when run.
196 If more memory is requested by explicitly passing a -m or --socket-mem value, the application fails.
197 However, the application itself can also fail if the user requests less memory than the reserved amount of hugepage-memory, particularly if using the -m option.
198 The reason is as follows.
199 Suppose the system has 1024 reserved 2 MB pages in socket 0 and 1024 in socket 1.
200 If the user requests 128 MB of memory, the 64 pages may not match the constraints:
202 * The hugepage memory by be given to the application by the kernel in socket 1 only.
203 In this case, if the application attempts to create an object, such as a ring or memory pool in socket 0, it fails.
204 To avoid this issue, it is recommended that the -- socket-mem option be used instead of the -m option.
206 * These pages can be located anywhere in physical memory, and, although the DPDK EAL will attempt to allocate memory in contiguous blocks,
207 it is possible that the pages will not be contiguous. In this case, the application is not able to allocate big memory pools.
209 The socket-mem option can be used to request specific amounts of memory for specific sockets.
210 This is accomplished by supplying the --socket-mem flag followed by amounts of memory requested on each socket,
211 for example, supply --socket-mem=0,512 to try and reserve 512 MB for socket 1 only.
212 Similarly, on a four socket system, to allocate 1 GB memory on each of sockets 0 and 2 only, the parameter --socket-mem=1024,0,1024 can be used.
213 No memory will be reserved on any CPU socket that is not explicitly referenced, for example, socket 3 in this case.
214 If the DPDK cannot allocate enough memory on each socket, the EAL initialization fails.
216 Additional Sample Applications
217 ------------------------------
219 Additional sample applications are included in the ${RTE_SDK}/examples directory.
220 These sample applications may be built and run in a manner similar to that described in earlier sections in this manual.
221 In addition, see the *DPDK Sample Applications User Guide* for a description of the application,
222 specific instructions on compilation and execution and some explanation of the code.
224 Additional Test Applications
225 ----------------------------
227 In addition, there are two other applications that are built when the libraries are created.
228 The source files for these are in the DPDK/app directory and are called test and testpmd.
229 Once the libraries are created, they can be found in the build/app directory.
231 * The test application provides a variety of specific tests for the various functions in the DPDK.
233 * The testpmd application provides a number of different packet throughput tests and
234 examples of features such as how to use the Flow Director found in the Intel® 82599 10 Gigabit Ethernet Controller.