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31 Compiling and Running Sample Applications
32 =========================================
34 The chapter describes how to compile and run applications in an DPDK environment.
35 It also provides a pointer to where sample applications are stored.
39 Parts of this process can also be done using the setup script described the
40 :ref:`linux_setup_script` section of this document.
42 Compiling a Sample Application
43 ------------------------------
45 Once an DPDK target environment directory has been created (such as ``x86_64-native-linuxapp-gcc``),
46 it contains all libraries and header files required to build an application.
48 When compiling an application in the Linux* environment on the DPDK, the following variables must be exported:
50 * ``RTE_SDK`` - Points to the DPDK installation directory.
52 * ``RTE_TARGET`` - Points to the DPDK target environment directory.
54 The following is an example of creating the ``helloworld`` application, which runs in the DPDK Linux environment.
55 This example may be found in the ``${RTE_SDK}/examples`` directory.
57 The directory contains the ``main.c`` file. This file, when combined with the libraries in the DPDK target environment,
58 calls the various functions to initialize the DPDK environment,
59 then launches an entry point (dispatch application) for each core to be utilized.
60 By default, the binary is generated in the build directory.
62 .. code-block:: console
64 cd examples/helloworld/
65 export RTE_SDK=$HOME/DPDK
66 export RTE_TARGET=x86_64-native-linuxapp-gcc
71 INSTALL-APP helloworld
72 INSTALL-MAP helloworld.map
75 helloworld helloworld.map
79 In the above example, ``helloworld`` was in the directory structure of the DPDK.
80 However, it could have been located outside the directory structure to keep the DPDK structure intact.
81 In the following case, the ``helloworld`` application is copied to a new directory as a new starting point.
83 .. code-block:: console
85 export RTE_SDK=/home/user/DPDK
86 cp -r $(RTE_SDK)/examples/helloworld my_rte_app
88 export RTE_TARGET=x86_64-native-linuxapp-gcc
93 INSTALL-APP helloworld
94 INSTALL-MAP helloworld.map
96 Running a Sample Application
97 ----------------------------
101 The UIO drivers and hugepages must be setup prior to running an application.
105 Any ports to be used by the application must be already bound to an appropriate kernel
106 module, as described in :ref:`linux_gsg_binding_kernel`, prior to running the application.
108 The application is linked with the DPDK target environment's Environmental Abstraction Layer (EAL) library,
109 which provides some options that are generic to every DPDK application.
111 The following is the list of options that can be given to the EAL:
113 .. code-block:: console
115 ./rte-app -c COREMASK [-n NUM] [-b <domain:bus:devid.func>] \
116 [--socket-mem=MB,...] [-m MB] [-r NUM] [-v] [--file-prefix] \
117 [--proc-type <primary|secondary|auto>] [-- xen-dom0]
119 The EAL options are as follows:
122 An hexadecimal bit mask of the cores to run on. Note that core numbering can
123 change between platforms and should be determined beforehand.
126 Number of memory channels per processor socket.
128 * ``-b <domain:bus:devid.func>``:
129 Blacklisting of ports; prevent EAL from using specified PCI device
130 (multiple ``-b`` options are allowed).
133 use the specified Ethernet device(s) only. Use comma-separate
134 ``[domain:]bus:devid.func`` values. Cannot be used with ``-b`` option.
137 Memory to allocate from hugepages on specific sockets.
140 Memory to allocate from hugepages, regardless of processor socket. It is
141 recommended that ``--socket-mem`` be used instead of this option.
144 Number of memory ranks.
147 Display version information on startup.
150 The directory where hugetlbfs is mounted.
153 The prefix text used for hugepage filenames.
156 The type of process instance.
159 Support application running on Xen Domain0 without hugetlbfs.
161 * ``--vmware-tsc-map``:
162 Use VMware TSC map instead of native RDTSC.
164 * ``--base-virtaddr``:
165 Specify base virtual address.
168 Specify interrupt type to be used by VFIO (has no effect if VFIO is not used).
170 The ``-c`` and option is mandatory; the others are optional.
172 Copy the DPDK application binary to your target, then run the application as follows
173 (assuming the platform has four memory channels per processor socket,
174 and that cores 0-3 are present and are to be used for running the application)::
176 ./helloworld -c f -n 4
180 The ``--proc-type`` and ``--file-prefix`` EAL options are used for running
181 multiple DPDK processes. See the "Multi-process Sample Application"
182 chapter in the *DPDK Sample Applications User Guide* and the *DPDK
183 Programmers Guide* for more details.
185 Logical Core Use by Applications
186 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
188 The coremask parameter is always mandatory for DPDK applications.
189 Each bit of the mask corresponds to the equivalent logical core number as reported by Linux.
190 Since these logical core numbers, and their mapping to specific cores on specific NUMA sockets, can vary from platform to platform,
191 it is recommended that the core layout for each platform be considered when choosing the coremask to use in each case.
193 On initialization of the EAL layer by an DPDK application, the logical cores to be used and their socket location are displayed.
194 This information can also be determined for all cores on the system by examining the ``/proc/cpuinfo`` file, for example, by running cat ``/proc/cpuinfo``.
195 The physical id attribute listed for each processor indicates the CPU socket to which it belongs.
196 This can be useful when using other processors to understand the mapping of the logical cores to the sockets.
200 A more graphical view of the logical core layout may be obtained using the ``lstopo`` Linux utility.
201 On Fedora Linux, this may be installed and run using the following command::
203 sudo yum install hwloc
208 The logical core layout can change between different board layouts and should be checked before selecting an application coremask.
210 Hugepage Memory Use by Applications
211 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
213 When running an application, it is recommended to use the same amount of memory as that allocated for hugepages.
214 This is done automatically by the DPDK application at startup,
215 if no ``-m`` or ``--socket-mem`` parameter is passed to it when run.
217 If more memory is requested by explicitly passing a ``-m`` or ``--socket-mem`` value, the application fails.
218 However, the application itself can also fail if the user requests less memory than the reserved amount of hugepage-memory, particularly if using the ``-m`` option.
219 The reason is as follows.
220 Suppose the system has 1024 reserved 2 MB pages in socket 0 and 1024 in socket 1.
221 If the user requests 128 MB of memory, the 64 pages may not match the constraints:
223 * The hugepage memory by be given to the application by the kernel in socket 1 only.
224 In this case, if the application attempts to create an object, such as a ring or memory pool in socket 0, it fails.
225 To avoid this issue, it is recommended that the ``--socket-mem`` option be used instead of the ``-m`` option.
227 * These pages can be located anywhere in physical memory, and, although the DPDK EAL will attempt to allocate memory in contiguous blocks,
228 it is possible that the pages will not be contiguous. In this case, the application is not able to allocate big memory pools.
230 The socket-mem option can be used to request specific amounts of memory for specific sockets.
231 This is accomplished by supplying the ``--socket-mem`` flag followed by amounts of memory requested on each socket,
232 for example, supply ``--socket-mem=0,512`` to try and reserve 512 MB for socket 1 only.
233 Similarly, on a four socket system, to allocate 1 GB memory on each of sockets 0 and 2 only, the parameter ``--socket-mem=1024,0,1024`` can be used.
234 No memory will be reserved on any CPU socket that is not explicitly referenced, for example, socket 3 in this case.
235 If the DPDK cannot allocate enough memory on each socket, the EAL initialization fails.
237 Additional Sample Applications
238 ------------------------------
240 Additional sample applications are included in the ${RTE_SDK}/examples directory.
241 These sample applications may be built and run in a manner similar to that described in earlier sections in this manual.
242 In addition, see the *DPDK Sample Applications User Guide* for a description of the application,
243 specific instructions on compilation and execution and some explanation of the code.
245 Additional Test Applications
246 ----------------------------
248 In addition, there are two other applications that are built when the libraries are created.
249 The source files for these are in the DPDK/app directory and are called test and testpmd.
250 Once the libraries are created, they can be found in the build/app directory.
252 * The test application provides a variety of specific tests for the various functions in the DPDK.
254 * The testpmd application provides a number of different packet throughput tests and
255 examples of features such as how to use the Flow Director found in the IntelĀ® 82599 10 Gigabit Ethernet Controller.