2 Copyright(c) 2010-2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
5 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9 * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11 * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
13 the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
15 * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
16 contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
17 from this software without specific prior written permission.
19 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
20 "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
21 LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
22 A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
23 OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
24 SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
25 LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
26 DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
27 THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
28 (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
29 OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
31 Exception Path Sample Application
32 =================================
34 The Exception Path sample application is a simple example that demonstrates the use of the DPDK
35 to set up an exception path for packets to go through the Linux* kernel.
36 This is done by using virtual TAP network interfaces.
37 These can be read from and written to by the DPDK application and
38 appear to the kernel as a standard network interface.
43 The application creates two threads for each NIC port being used.
44 One thread reads from the port and writes the data unmodified to a thread-specific TAP interface.
45 The second thread reads from a TAP interface and writes the data unmodified to the NIC port.
47 The packet flow through the exception path application is as shown in the following figure.
49 .. _figure_exception_path_example:
51 .. figure:: img/exception_path_example.*
56 To make throughput measurements, kernel bridges must be setup to forward data between the bridges appropriately.
58 Compiling the Application
59 -------------------------
61 #. Go to example directory:
63 .. code-block:: console
65 export RTE_SDK=/path/to/rte_sdk
66 cd ${RTE_SDK}/examples/exception_path
68 #. Set the target (a default target will be used if not specified).
71 .. code-block:: console
73 export RTE_TARGET=x86_64-native-linuxapp-gcc
75 This application is intended as a linuxapp only.
76 See the *DPDK Getting Started Guide* for possible RTE_TARGET values.
78 #. Build the application:
80 .. code-block:: console
84 Running the Application
85 -----------------------
87 The application requires a number of command line options:
89 .. code-block:: console
91 .build/exception_path [EAL options] -- -p PORTMASK -i IN_CORES -o OUT_CORES
95 * -p PORTMASK: A hex bitmask of ports to use
97 * -i IN_CORES: A hex bitmask of cores which read from NIC
99 * -o OUT_CORES: A hex bitmask of cores which write to NIC
101 Refer to the *DPDK Getting Started Guide* for general information on running applications
102 and the Environment Abstraction Layer (EAL) options.
104 The number of bits set in each bitmask must be the same.
105 The coremask -c or the corelist -l parameter of the EAL options should include IN_CORES and OUT_CORES.
106 The same bit must not be set in IN_CORES and OUT_CORES.
107 The affinities between ports and cores are set beginning with the least significant bit of each mask, that is,
108 the port represented by the lowest bit in PORTMASK is read from by the core represented by the lowest bit in IN_CORES,
109 and written to by the core represented by the lowest bit in OUT_CORES.
111 For example to run the application with two ports and four cores:
113 .. code-block:: console
115 ./build/exception_path -l 0-3 -n 4 -- -p 3 -i 3 -o c
120 While the application is running, statistics on packets sent and
121 received can be displayed by sending the SIGUSR1 signal to the application from another terminal:
123 .. code-block:: console
125 killall -USR1 exception_path
127 The statistics can be reset by sending a SIGUSR2 signal in a similar way.
132 The following sections provide some explanation of the code.
137 Setup of the mbuf pool, driver and queues is similar to the setup done in the :ref:`l2_fwd_app_real_and_virtual`.
138 In addition, the TAP interfaces must also be created.
139 A TAP interface is created for each lcore that is being used.
140 The code for creating the TAP interface is as follows:
145 * Create a tap network interface, or use existing one with same name.
146 * If name[0]='\0' then a name is automatically assigned and returned in name.
149 static int tap_create(char *name)
154 fd = open("/dev/net/tun", O_RDWR);
158 memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
160 /* TAP device without packet information */
162 ifr.ifr_flags = IFF_TAP | IFF_NO_PI;
164 rte_snprinf(ifr.ifr_name, IFNAMSIZ, name);
166 ret = ioctl(fd, TUNSETIFF, (void *) &ifr);
175 snprintf(name, IFNAMSIZ, ifr.ifr_name);
180 The other step in the initialization process that is unique to this sample application
181 is the association of each port with two cores:
183 * One core to read from the port and write to a TAP interface
185 * A second core to read from a TAP interface and write to the port
187 This is done using an array called port_ids[], which is indexed by the lcore IDs.
188 The population of this array is shown below:
195 RTE_LCORE_FOREACH(i) {
196 if (input_cores_mask & (1ULL << i)) {
197 /* Skip ports that are not enabled */
198 while ((ports_mask & (1 << rx_port)) == 0) {
200 if (rx_port > (sizeof(ports_mask) * 8))
201 goto fail; /* not enough ports */
203 port_ids[i] = rx_port++;
204 } else if (output_cores_mask & (1ULL << i)) {
205 /* Skip ports that are not enabled */
206 while ((ports_mask & (1 << tx_port)) == 0) {
208 if (tx_port > (sizeof(ports_mask) * 8))
209 goto fail; /* not enough ports */
211 port_ids[i] = tx_port++;
218 After the initialization steps are complete, the main_loop() function is run on each lcore.
219 This function first checks the lcore_id against the user provided input_cores_mask and output_cores_mask to see
220 if this core is reading from or writing to a TAP interface.
222 For the case that reads from a NIC port, the packet reception is the same as in the L2 Forwarding sample application
223 (see :ref:`l2_fwd_app_rx_tx_packets`).
224 The packet transmission is done by calling write() with the file descriptor of the appropriate TAP interface
225 and then explicitly freeing the mbuf back to the pool.
229 /* Loop forever reading from NIC and writing to tap */
232 struct rte_mbuf *pkts_burst[PKT_BURST_SZ];
235 const unsigned nb_rx = rte_eth_rx_burst(port_ids[lcore_id], 0, pkts_burst, PKT_BURST_SZ);
237 lcore_stats[lcore_id].rx += nb_rx;
239 for (i = 0; likely(i < nb_rx); i++) {
240 struct rte_mbuf *m = pkts_burst[i];
241 int ret = write(tap_fd, rte_pktmbuf_mtod(m, void*),
243 rte_pktmbuf_data_len(m));
246 lcore_stats[lcore_id].dropped++;
248 lcore_stats[lcore_id].tx++;
252 For the other case that reads from a TAP interface and writes to a NIC port,
253 packets are retrieved by doing a read() from the file descriptor of the appropriate TAP interface.
254 This fills in the data into the mbuf, then other fields are set manually.
255 The packet can then be transmitted as normal.
259 /* Loop forever reading from tap and writing to NIC */
263 struct rte_mbuf *m = rte_pktmbuf_alloc(pktmbuf_pool);
268 ret = read(tap_fd, m->pkt.data, MAX_PACKET_SZ); lcore_stats[lcore_id].rx++;
269 if (unlikely(ret < 0)) {
270 FATAL_ERROR("Reading from %s interface failed", tap_name);
275 m->pkt.data_len = (uint16_t)ret;
277 ret = rte_eth_tx_burst(port_ids[lcore_id], 0, &m, 1);
278 if (unlikely(ret < 1)) {
280 lcore_stats[lcore_id].dropped++;
283 lcore_stats[lcore_id].tx++;
287 To set up loops for measuring throughput, TAP interfaces can be connected using bridging.
288 The steps to do this are described in the section that follows.
290 Managing TAP Interfaces and Bridges
291 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
293 The Exception Path sample application creates TAP interfaces with names of the format tap_dpdk_nn,
294 where nn is the lcore ID. These TAP interfaces need to be configured for use:
296 .. code-block:: console
298 ifconfig tap_dpdk_00 up
300 To set up a bridge between two interfaces so that packets sent to one interface can be read from another,
303 .. code-block:: console
306 brctl addif br0 tap_dpdk_00
307 brctl addif br0 tap_dpdk_03
310 The TAP interfaces created by this application exist only when the application is running,
311 so the steps above need to be repeated each time the application is run.
312 To avoid this, persistent TAP interfaces can be created using openvpn:
314 .. code-block:: console
316 openvpn --mktun --dev tap_dpdk_00
318 If this method is used, then the steps above have to be done only once and
319 the same TAP interfaces can be reused each time the application is run.
320 To remove bridges and persistent TAP interfaces, the following commands are used:
322 .. code-block:: console
326 openvpn --rmtun --dev tap_dpdk_00