+/** Minimum Cache line size. */
+#define RTE_CACHE_LINE_MIN_SIZE 64
+
+/** Force alignment to cache line. */
+#define __rte_cache_aligned __rte_aligned(RTE_CACHE_LINE_SIZE)
+
+/** Force minimum cache line alignment. */
+#define __rte_cache_min_aligned __rte_aligned(RTE_CACHE_LINE_MIN_SIZE)
+
+/*********** PA/IOVA type definitions ********/
+
+/** Physical address */
+typedef uint64_t phys_addr_t;
+#define RTE_BAD_PHYS_ADDR ((phys_addr_t)-1)
+
+/**
+ * IO virtual address type.
+ * When the physical addressing mode (IOVA as PA) is in use,
+ * the translation from an IO virtual address (IOVA) to a physical address
+ * is a direct mapping, i.e. the same value.
+ * Otherwise, in virtual mode (IOVA as VA), an IOMMU may do the translation.
+ */
+typedef uint64_t rte_iova_t;
+#define RTE_BAD_IOVA ((rte_iova_t)-1)
+
+/*********** Structure alignment markers ********/
+
+/** Generic marker for any place in a structure. */
+__extension__ typedef void *RTE_MARKER[0];
+/** Marker for 1B alignment in a structure. */
+__extension__ typedef uint8_t RTE_MARKER8[0];
+/** Marker for 2B alignment in a structure. */
+__extension__ typedef uint16_t RTE_MARKER16[0];
+/** Marker for 4B alignment in a structure. */
+__extension__ typedef uint32_t RTE_MARKER32[0];
+/** Marker for 8B alignment in a structure. */
+__extension__ typedef uint64_t RTE_MARKER64[0];
+
+/**
+ * Combines 32b inputs most significant set bits into the least
+ * significant bits to construct a value with the same MSBs as x
+ * but all 1's under it.
+ *
+ * @param x
+ * The integer whose MSBs need to be combined with its LSBs
+ * @return
+ * The combined value.
+ */
+static inline uint32_t
+rte_combine32ms1b(register uint32_t x)
+{
+ x |= x >> 1;
+ x |= x >> 2;
+ x |= x >> 4;
+ x |= x >> 8;
+ x |= x >> 16;
+
+ return x;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Combines 64b inputs most significant set bits into the least
+ * significant bits to construct a value with the same MSBs as x
+ * but all 1's under it.
+ *
+ * @param v
+ * The integer whose MSBs need to be combined with its LSBs
+ * @return
+ * The combined value.
+ */
+static inline uint64_t
+rte_combine64ms1b(register uint64_t v)
+{
+ v |= v >> 1;
+ v |= v >> 2;
+ v |= v >> 4;
+ v |= v >> 8;
+ v |= v >> 16;
+ v |= v >> 32;
+
+ return v;
+}
+