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+</svg>
tep_termination
proc_info
ptpclient
+ performance_thread
**Figures**
--- /dev/null
+.. BSD LICENSE
+ Copyright(c) 2015 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ are met:
+
+ * Re-distributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ distribution.
+ * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
+ contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+ from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+Performance Thread Sample Application
+=====================================
+
+The performance thread sample application is a derivative of the standard L3
+forwarding application that demonstrates different threading models.
+
+Overview
+--------
+For a general description of the L3 forwarding applications capabilities
+please refer to the documentation of the standard application in
+:doc:`l3_forward`.
+
+The performance thread sample application differs from the standard L3
+forwarding example in that it divides the TX and RX processing between
+different threads, and makes it possible to assign individual threads to
+different cores.
+
+Three threading models are considered:
+
+#. When there is one EAL thread per physical core.
+#. When there are multiple EAL threads per physical core.
+#. When there are multiple lightweight threads per EAL thread.
+
+Since DPDK release 2.0 it is possible to launch applications using the
+``--lcores`` EAL parameter, specifying cpu-sets for a physical core. With the
+performance thread sample application its is now also possible to assign
+individual RX and TX functions to different cores.
+
+As an alternative to dividing the L3 forwarding work between different EAL
+threads the performance thread sample introduces the possibility to run the
+application threads as lightweight threads (L-threads) within one or
+more EAL threads.
+
+In order to facilitate this threading model the example includes a primitive
+cooperative scheduler (L-thread) subsystem. More details of the L-thread
+subsystem can be found in :ref:`lthread_subsystem`.
+
+**Note:** Whilst theoretically possible it is not anticipated that multiple
+L-thread schedulers would be run on the same physical core, this mode of
+operation should not be expected to yield useful performance and is considered
+invalid.
+
+Compiling the Application
+-------------------------
+The application is located in the sample application folder in the
+``performance-thread`` folder.
+
+#. Go to the example applications folder
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ export RTE_SDK=/path/to/rte_sdk
+ cd ${RTE_SDK}/examples/performance-thread/l3fwd-thread
+
+#. Set the target (a default target is used if not specified). For example:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ export RTE_TARGET=x86_64-native-linuxapp-gcc
+
+ See the *DPDK Linux Getting Started Guide* for possible RTE_TARGET values.
+
+#. Build the application:
+
+ make
+
+
+Running the Application
+-----------------------
+
+The application has a number of command line options::
+
+ ./build/l3fwd-thread [EAL options] --
+ -p PORTMASK [-P]
+ --rx(port,queue,lcore,thread)[,(port,queue,lcore,thread)]
+ --tx(lcore,thread)[,(lcore,thread)]
+ [--enable-jumbo] [--max-pkt-len PKTLEN]] [--no-numa]
+ [--hash-entry-num] [--ipv6] [--no-lthreads] [--stat-lcore lcore]
+
+Where:
+
+* ``-p PORTMASK``: Hexadecimal bitmask of ports to configure.
+
+* ``-P``: optional, sets all ports to promiscuous mode so that packets are
+ accepted regardless of the packet's Ethernet MAC destination address.
+ Without this option, only packets with the Ethernet MAC destination address
+ set to the Ethernet address of the port are accepted.
+
+* ``--rx (port,queue,lcore,thread)[,(port,queue,lcore,thread)]``: the list of
+ NIC RX ports and queues handled by the RX lcores and threads. The parameters
+ are explained below.
+
+* ``--tx (lcore,thread)[,(lcore,thread)]``: the list of TX threads identifying
+ the lcore the thread runs on, and the id of RX thread with which it is
+ associated. The parameters are explained below.
+
+* ``--enable-jumbo``: optional, enables jumbo frames.
+
+* ``--max-pkt-len``: optional, maximum packet length in decimal (64-9600).
+
+* ``--no-numa``: optional, disables numa awareness.
+
+* ``--hash-entry-num``: optional, specifies the hash entry number in hex to be
+ setup.
+
+* ``--ipv6``: optional, set it if running ipv6 packets.
+
+* ``--no-lthreads``: optional, disables l-thread model and uses EAL threading
+ model. See below.
+
+* ``--stat-lcore``: optional, run CPU load stats collector on the specified
+ lcore.
+
+The parameters of the ``--rx`` and ``--tx`` options are:
+
+* ``--rx`` parameters
+
+ .. _table_l3fwd_rx_parameters:
+
+ +--------+------------------------------------------------------+
+ | port | RX port |
+ +--------+------------------------------------------------------+
+ | queue | RX queue that will be read on the specified RX port |
+ +--------+------------------------------------------------------+
+ | lcore | Core to use for the thread |
+ +--------+------------------------------------------------------+
+ | thread | Thread id (continuously from 0 to N) |
+ +--------+------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+* ``--tx`` parameters
+
+ .. _table_l3fwd_tx_parameters:
+
+ +--------+------------------------------------------------------+
+ | lcore | Core to use for L3 route match and transmit |
+ +--------+------------------------------------------------------+
+ | thread | Id of RX thread to be associated with this TX thread |
+ +--------+------------------------------------------------------+
+
+The ``l3fwd-thread`` application allows you to start packet processing in two
+threading models: L-Threads (default) and EAL Threads (when the
+``--no-lthreads`` parameter is used). For consistency all parameters are used
+in the same way for both models.
+
+
+Running with L-threads
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When the L-thread model is used (default option), lcore and thread parameters
+in ``--rx/--tx`` are used to affinitize threads to the selected scheduler.
+
+For example, the following places every l-thread on different lcores::
+
+ l3fwd-thread -c ff -n 2 -- -P -p 3 \
+ --rx="(0,0,0,0)(1,0,1,1)" \
+ --tx="(2,0)(3,1)"
+
+The following places RX l-threads on lcore 0 and TX l-threads on lcore 1 and 2
+and so on::
+
+ l3fwd-thread -c ff -n 2 -- -P -p 3 \
+ --rx="(0,0,0,0)(1,0,0,1)" \
+ --tx="(1,0)(2,1)"
+
+
+Running with EAL threads
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When the ``--no-lthreads`` parameter is used, the L-threading model is turned
+off and EAL threads are used for all processing. EAL threads are enumerated in
+the same way as L-threads, but the ``--lcores`` EAL parameter is used to
+affinitize threads to the selected cpu-set (scheduler). Thus it is possible to
+place every RX and TX thread on different lcores.
+
+For example, the following places every EAL thread on different lcores::
+
+ l3fwd-thread -c ff -n 2 -- -P -p 3 \
+ --rx="(0,0,0,0)(1,0,1,1)" \
+ --tx="(2,0)(3,1)" \
+ --no-lthreads
+
+
+To affinitize two or more EAL threads to one cpu-set, the EAL ``--lcores``
+parameter is used.
+
+The following places RX EAL threads on lcore 0 and TX EAL threads on lcore 1
+and 2 and so on::
+
+ l3fwd-thread -c ff -n 2 --lcores="(0,1)@0,(2,3)@1" -- -P -p 3 \
+ --rx="(0,0,0,0)(1,0,1,1)" \
+ --tx="(2,0)(3,1)" \
+ --no-lthreads
+
+
+Examples
+~~~~~~~~
+
+For selected scenarios the command line configuration of the application for L-threads
+and its corresponding EAL threads command line can be realized as follows:
+
+a) Start every thread on different scheduler (1:1)::
+
+ l3fwd-thread -c ff -n 2 -- -P -p 3 \
+ --rx="(0,0,0,0)(1,0,1,1)" \
+ --tx="(2,0)(3,1)"
+
+ EAL thread equivalent::
+
+ l3fwd-thread -c ff -n 2 -- -P -p 3 \
+ --rx="(0,0,0,0)(1,0,1,1)" \
+ --tx="(2,0)(3,1)" \
+ --no-lthreads
+
+b) Start all threads on one core (N:1).
+
+ Start 4 L-threads on lcore 0::
+
+ l3fwd-thread -c ff -n 2 -- -P -p 3 \
+ --rx="(0,0,0,0)(1,0,0,1)" \
+ --tx="(0,0)(0,1)"
+
+ Start 4 EAL threads on cpu-set 0::
+
+ l3fwd-thread -c ff -n 2 --lcores="(0-3)@0" -- -P -p 3 \
+ --rx="(0,0,0,0)(1,0,0,1)" \
+ --tx="(2,0)(3,1)" \
+ --no-lthreads
+
+c) Start threads on different cores (N:M).
+
+ Start 2 L-threads for RX on lcore 0, and 2 L-threads for TX on lcore 1::
+
+ l3fwd-thread -c ff -n 2 -- -P -p 3 \
+ --rx="(0,0,0,0)(1,0,0,1)" \
+ --tx="(1,0)(1,1)"
+
+ Start 2 EAL threads for RX on cpu-set 0, and 2 EAL threads for TX on
+ cpu-set 1::
+
+ l3fwd-thread -c ff -n 2 --lcores="(0-1)@0,(2-3)@1" -- -P -p 3 \
+ --rx="(0,0,0,0)(1,0,1,1)" \
+ --tx="(2,0)(3,1)" \
+ --no-lthreads
+
+Explanation
+-----------
+
+To a great extent the sample application differs little from the standard L3
+forwarding application, and readers are advised to familiarize themselves with
+the material covered in the :doc:`l3_forward` documentation before proceeding.
+
+The following explanation is focused on the way threading is handled in the
+performance thread example.
+
+
+Mode of operation with EAL threads
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The performance thread sample application has split the RX and TX functionality
+into two different threads, and the RX and TX threads are
+interconnected via software rings. With respect to these rings the RX threads
+are producers and the TX threads are consumers.
+
+On initialization the TX and RX threads are started according to the command
+line parameters.
+
+The RX threads poll the network interface queues and post received packets to a
+TX thread via a corresponding software ring.
+
+The TX threads poll software rings, perform the L3 forwarding hash/LPM match,
+and assemble packet bursts before performing burst transmit on the network
+interface.
+
+As with the standard L3 forward application, burst draining of residual packets
+is performed periodically with the period calculated from elapsed time using
+the timestamps counter.
+
+The diagram below illustrates a case with two RX threads and three TX threads.
+
+.. _figure_performance_thread_1:
+
+.. figure:: img/performance_thread_1.*
+
+
+Mode of operation with L-threads
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Like the EAL thread configuration the application has split the RX and TX
+functionality into different threads, and the pairs of RX and TX threads are
+interconnected via software rings.
+
+On initialization an L-thread scheduler is started on every EAL thread. On all
+but the master EAL thread only a a dummy L-thread is initially started.
+The L-thread started on the master EAL thread then spawns other L-threads on
+different L-thread schedulers according the the command line parameters.
+
+The RX threads poll the network interface queues and post received packets
+to a TX thread via the corresponding software ring.
+
+The ring interface is augmented by means of an L-thread condition variable that
+enables the TX thread to be suspended when the TX ring is empty. The RX thread
+signals the condition whenever it posts to the TX ring, causing the TX thread
+to be resumed.
+
+Additionally the TX L-thread spawns a worker L-thread to take care of
+polling the software rings, whilst it handles burst draining of the transmit
+buffer.
+
+The worker threads poll the software rings, perform L3 route lookup and
+assemble packet bursts. If the TX ring is empty the worker thread suspends
+itself by waiting on the condition variable associated with the ring.
+
+Burst draining of residual packets, less than the burst size, is performed by
+the TX thread which sleeps (using an L-thread sleep function) and resumes
+periodically to flush the TX buffer.
+
+This design means that L-threads that have no work, can yield the CPU to other
+L-threads and avoid having to constantly poll the software rings.
+
+The diagram below illustrates a case with two RX threads and three TX functions
+(each comprising a thread that processes forwarding and a thread that
+periodically drains the output buffer of residual packets).
+
+.. _figure_performance_thread_2:
+
+.. figure:: img/performance_thread_2.*
+
+
+CPU load statistics
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+It is possible to display statistics showing estimated CPU load on each core.
+The statistics indicate the percentage of CPU time spent: processing
+received packets (forwarding), polling queues/rings (waiting for work),
+and doing any other processing (context switch and other overhead).
+
+When enabled statistics are gathered by having the application threads set and
+clear flags when they enter and exit pertinent code sections. The flags are
+then sampled in real time by a statistics collector thread running on another
+core. This thread displays the data in real time on the console.
+
+This feature is enabled by designating a statistics collector core, using the
+``--stat-lcore`` parameter.
+
+
+.. _lthread_subsystem:
+
+The L-thread subsystem
+----------------------
+
+The L-thread subsystem resides in the examples/performance-thread/common
+directory and is built and linked automatically when building the
+``l3fwd-thread`` example.
+
+The subsystem provides a simple cooperative scheduler to enable arbitrary
+functions to run as cooperative threads within a single EAL thread.
+The subsystem provides a pthread like API that is intended to assist in
+reuse of legacy code written for POSIX pthreads.
+
+The following sections provide some detail on the features, constraints,
+performance and porting considerations when using L-threads.
+
+
+.. _comparison_between_lthreads_and_pthreads:
+
+Comparison between L-threads and POSIX pthreads
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The fundamental difference between the L-thread and pthread models is the
+way in which threads are scheduled. The simplest way to think about this is to
+consider the case of a processor with a single CPU. To run multiple threads
+on a single CPU, the scheduler must frequently switch between the threads,
+in order that each thread is able to make timely progress.
+This is the basis of any multitasking operating system.
+
+This section explores the differences between the pthread model and the
+L-thread model as implemented in the provided L-thread subsystem. If needed a
+theoretical discussion of preemptive vs cooperative multi-threading can be
+found in any good text on operating system design.
+
+
+Scheduling and context switching
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The POSIX pthread library provides an application programming interface to
+create and synchronize threads. Scheduling policy is determined by the host OS,
+and may be configurable. The OS may use sophisticated rules to determine which
+thread should be run next, threads may suspend themselves or make other threads
+ready, and the scheduler may employ a time slice giving each thread a maximum
+time quantum after which it will be preempted in favor of another thread that
+is ready to run. To complicate matters further threads may be assigned
+different scheduling priorities.
+
+By contrast the L-thread subsystem is considerably simpler. Logically the
+L-thread scheduler performs the same multiplexing function for L-threads
+within a single pthread as the OS scheduler does for pthreads within an
+application process. The L-thread scheduler is simply the main loop of a
+pthread, and in so far as the host OS is concerned it is a regular pthread
+just like any other. The host OS is oblivious about the existence of and
+not at all involved in the scheduling of L-threads.
+
+The other and most significant difference between the two models is that
+L-threads are scheduled cooperatively. L-threads cannot not preempt each
+other, nor can the L-thread scheduler preempt a running L-thread (i.e.
+there is no time slicing). The consequence is that programs implemented with
+L-threads must possess frequent rescheduling points, meaning that they must
+explicitly and of their own volition return to the scheduler at frequent
+intervals, in order to allow other L-threads an opportunity to proceed.
+
+In both models switching between threads requires that the current CPU
+context is saved and a new context (belonging to the next thread ready to run)
+is restored. With pthreads this context switching is handled transparently
+and the set of CPU registers that must be preserved between context switches
+is as per an interrupt handler.
+
+An L-thread context switch is achieved by the thread itself making a function
+call to the L-thread scheduler. Thus it is only necessary to preserve the
+callee registers. The caller is responsible to save and restore any other
+registers it is using before a function call, and restore them on return,
+and this is handled by the compiler. For ``X86_64`` on both Linux and BSD the
+System V calling convention is used, this defines registers RSP, RBP, and
+R12-R15 as callee-save registers (for more detailed discussion a good reference
+is `X86 Calling Conventions <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_calling_conventions>`_).
+
+Taking advantage of this, and due to the absence of preemption, an L-thread
+context switch is achieved with less than 20 load/store instructions.
+
+The scheduling policy for L-threads is fixed, there is no prioritization of
+L-threads, all L-threads are equal and scheduling is based on a FIFO
+ready queue.
+
+An L-thread is a struct containing the CPU context of the thread
+(saved on context switch) and other useful items. The ready queue contains
+pointers to threads that are ready to run. The L-thread scheduler is a simple
+loop that polls the ready queue, reads from it the next thread ready to run,
+which it resumes by saving the current context (the current position in the
+scheduler loop) and restoring the context of the next thread from its thread
+struct. Thus an L-thread is always resumed at the last place it yielded.
+
+A well behaved L-thread will call the context switch regularly (at least once
+in its main loop) thus returning to the scheduler's own main loop. Yielding
+inserts the current thread at the back of the ready queue, and the process of
+servicing the ready queue is repeated, thus the system runs by flipping back
+and forth the between L-threads and scheduler loop.
+
+In the case of pthreads, the preemptive scheduling, time slicing, and support
+for thread prioritization means that progress is normally possible for any
+thread that is ready to run. This comes at the price of a relatively heavier
+context switch and scheduling overhead.
+
+With L-threads the progress of any particular thread is determined by the
+frequency of rescheduling opportunities in the other L-threads. This means that
+an errant L-thread monopolizing the CPU might cause scheduling of other threads
+to be stalled. Due to the lower cost of context switching, however, voluntary
+rescheduling to ensure progress of other threads, if managed sensibly, is not
+a prohibitive overhead, and overall performance can exceed that of an
+application using pthreads.
+
+
+Mutual exclusion
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+With pthreads preemption means that threads that share data must observe
+some form of mutual exclusion protocol.
+
+The fact that L-threads cannot preempt each other means that in many cases
+mutual exclusion devices can be completely avoided.
+
+Locking to protect shared data can be a significant bottleneck in
+multi-threaded applications so a carefully designed cooperatively scheduled
+program can enjoy significant performance advantages.
+
+So far we have considered only the simplistic case of a single core CPU,
+when multiple CPUs are considered things are somewhat more complex.
+
+First of all it is inevitable that there must be multiple L-thread schedulers,
+one running on each EAL thread. So long as these schedulers remain isolated
+from each other the above assertions about the potential advantages of
+cooperative scheduling hold true.
+
+A configuration with isolated cooperative schedulers is less flexible than the
+pthread model where threads can be affinitized to run on any CPU. With isolated
+schedulers scaling of applications to utilize fewer or more CPUs according to
+system demand is very difficult to achieve.
+
+The L-thread subsystem makes it possible for L-threads to migrate between
+schedulers running on different CPUs. Needless to say if the migration means
+that threads that share data end up running on different CPUs then this will
+introduce the need for some kind of mutual exclusion system.
+
+Of course ``rte_ring`` software rings can always be used to interconnect
+threads running on different cores, however to protect other kinds of shared
+data structures, lock free constructs or else explicit locking will be
+required. This is a consideration for the application design.
+
+In support of this extended functionality, the L-thread subsystem implements
+thread safe mutexes and condition variables.
+
+The cost of affinitizing and of condition variable signaling is significantly
+lower than the equivalent pthread operations, and so applications using these
+features will see a performance benefit.
+
+
+Thread local storage
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+As with applications written for pthreads an application written for L-threads
+can take advantage of thread local storage, in this case local to an L-thread.
+An application may save and retrieve a single pointer to application data in
+the L-thread struct.
+
+For legacy and backward compatibility reasons two alternative methods are also
+offered, the first is modelled directly on the pthread get/set specific APIs,
+the second approach is modelled on the ``RTE_PER_LCORE`` macros, whereby
+``PER_LTHREAD`` macros are introduced, in both cases the storage is local to
+the L-thread.
+
+
+.. _constraints_and_performance_implications:
+
+Constraints and performance implications when using L-threads
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+.. _API_compatibility:
+
+API compatibility
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The L-thread subsystem provides a set of functions that are logically equivalent
+to the corresponding functions offered by the POSIX pthread library, however not
+all pthread functions have a corresponding L-thread equivalent, and not all
+features available to pthreads are implemented for L-threads.
+
+The pthread library offers considerable flexibility via programmable attributes
+that can be associated with threads, mutexes, and condition variables.
+
+By contrast the L-thread subsystem has fixed functionality, the scheduler policy
+cannot be varied, and L-threads cannot be prioritized. There are no variable
+attributes associated with any L-thread objects. L-threads, mutexes and
+conditional variables, all have fixed functionality. (Note: reserved parameters
+are included in the APIs to facilitate possible future support for attributes).
+
+The table below lists the pthread and equivalent L-thread APIs with notes on
+differences and/or constraints. Where there is no L-thread entry in the table,
+then the L-thread subsystem provides no equivalent function.
+
+.. _table_lthread_pthread:
+
+.. table:: Pthread and equivalent L-thread APIs.
+
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | **Pthread function** | **L-thread function** | **Notes** |
+ +============================+========================+===================+
+ | pthread_barrier_destroy | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_barrier_init | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_barrier_wait | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_cond_broadcast | lthread_cond_broadcast | See note 1 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_cond_destroy | lthread_cond_destroy | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_cond_init | lthread_cond_init | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_cond_signal | lthread_cond_signal | See note 1 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_cond_timedwait | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_cond_wait | lthread_cond_wait | See note 5 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_create | lthread_create | See notes 2, 3 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_detach | lthread_detach | See note 4 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_equal | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_exit | lthread_exit | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_getspecific | lthread_getspecific | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_getcpuclockid | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_join | lthread_join | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_key_create | lthread_key_create | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_key_delete | lthread_key_delete | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_mutex_destroy | lthread_mutex_destroy | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_mutex_init | lthread_mutex_init | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_mutex_lock | lthread_mutex_lock | See note 6 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_mutex_trylock | lthread_mutex_trylock | See note 6 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_mutex_timedlock | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_mutex_unlock | lthread_mutex_unlock | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_once | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_rwlock_destroy | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_rwlock_init | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_rwlock_rdlock | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_rwlock_timedrdlock | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_rwlock_timedwrlock | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_rwlock_trywrlock | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_rwlock_unlock | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_rwlock_wrlock | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_self | lthread_current | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_setspecific | lthread_setspecific | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_spin_init | | See note 10 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_spin_destroy | | See note 10 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_spin_lock | | See note 10 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_spin_trylock | | See note 10 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_spin_unlock | | See note 10 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_cancel | lthread_cancel | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_setcancelstate | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_setcanceltype | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_testcancel | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_getschedparam | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_setschedparam | | |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_yield | lthread_yield | See note 7 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | pthread_setaffinity_np | lthread_set_affinity | See notes 2, 3, 8 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | | lthread_sleep | See note 9 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+ | | lthread_sleep_clks | See note 9 |
+ +----------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
+
+
+**Note 1**:
+
+Neither lthread signal nor broadcast may be called concurrently by L-threads
+running on different schedulers, although multiple L-threads running in the
+same scheduler may freely perform signal or broadcast operations. L-threads
+running on the same or different schedulers may always safely wait on a
+condition variable.
+
+
+**Note 2**:
+
+Pthread attributes may be used to affinitize a pthread with a cpu-set. The
+L-thread subsystem does not support a cpu-set. An L-thread may be affinitized
+only with a single CPU at any time.
+
+
+**Note 3**:
+
+If an L-thread is intended to run on a different NUMA node than the node that
+creates the thread then, when calling ``lthread_create()`` it is advantageous
+to specify the destination core as a parameter of ``lthread_create()``. See
+:ref:`memory_allocation_and_NUMA_awareness` for details.
+
+
+**Note 4**:
+
+An L-thread can only detach itself, and cannot detach other L-threads.
+
+
+**Note 5**:
+
+A wait operation on a pthread condition variable is always associated with and
+protected by a mutex which must be owned by the thread at the time it invokes
+``pthread_wait()``. By contrast L-thread condition variables are thread safe
+(for waiters) and do not use an associated mutex. Multiple L-threads (including
+L-threads running on other schedulers) can safely wait on a L-thread condition
+variable. As a consequence the performance of an L-thread condition variables
+is typically an order of magnitude faster than its pthread counterpart.
+
+
+**Note 6**:
+
+Recursive locking is not supported with L-threads, attempts to take a lock
+recursively will be detected and rejected.
+
+
+**Note 7**:
+
+``lthread_yield()`` will save the current context, insert the current thread
+to the back of the ready queue, and resume the next ready thread. Yielding
+increases ready queue backlog, see :ref:`ready_queue_backlog` for more details
+about the implications of this.
+
+
+N.B. The context switch time as measured from immediately before the call to
+``lthread_yield()`` to the point at which the next ready thread is resumed,
+can be an order of magnitude faster that the same measurement for
+pthread_yield.
+
+
+**Note 8**:
+
+``lthread_set_affinity()`` is similar to a yield apart from the fact that the
+yielding thread is inserted into a peer ready queue of another scheduler.
+The peer ready queue is actually a separate thread safe queue, which means that
+threads appearing in the peer ready queue can jump any backlog in the local
+ready queue on the destination scheduler.
+
+The context switch time as measured from the time just before the call to
+``lthread_set_affinity()`` to just after the same thread is resumed on the new
+scheduler can be orders of magnitude faster than the same measurement for
+``pthread_setaffinity_np()``.
+
+
+**Note 9**:
+
+Although there is no ``pthread_sleep()`` function, ``lthread_sleep()`` and
+``lthread_sleep_clks()`` can be used wherever ``sleep()``, ``usleep()`` or
+``nanosleep()`` might ordinarily be used. The L-thread sleep functions suspend
+the current thread, start an ``rte_timer`` and resume the thread when the
+timer matures. The ``rte_timer_manage()`` entry point is called on every pass
+of the scheduler loop. This means that the worst case jitter on timer expiry
+is determined by the longest period between context switches of any running
+L-threads.
+
+In a synthetic test with many threads sleeping and resuming then the measured
+jitter is typically orders of magnitude lower than the same measurement made
+for ``nanosleep()``.
+
+
+**Note 10**:
+
+Spin locks are not provided because they are problematical in a cooperative
+environment, see :ref:`porting_locks_and_spinlocks` for a more detailed
+discussion on how to avoid spin locks.
+
+
+.. _Thread_local_storage_performance:
+
+Thread local storage
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Of the three L-thread local storage options the simplest and most efficient is
+storing a single application data pointer in the L-thread struct.
+
+The ``PER_LTHREAD`` macros involve a run time computation to obtain the address
+of the variable being saved/retrieved and also require that the accesses are
+de-referenced via a pointer. This means that code that has used
+``RTE_PER_LCORE`` macros being ported to L-threads might need some slight
+adjustment (see :ref:`porting_thread_local_storage` for hints about porting
+code that makes use of thread local storage).
+
+The get/set specific APIs are consistent with their pthread counterparts both
+in use and in performance.
+
+
+.. _memory_allocation_and_NUMA_awareness:
+
+Memory allocation and NUMA awareness
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+All memory allocation is from DPDK huge pages, and is NUMA aware. Each
+scheduler maintains its own caches of objects: lthreads, their stacks, TLS,
+mutexes and condition variables. These caches are implemented as unbounded lock
+free MPSC queues. When objects are created they are always allocated from the
+caches on the local core (current EAL thread).
+
+If an L-thread has been affinitized to a different scheduler, then it can
+always safely free resources to the caches from which they originated (because
+the caches are MPSC queues).
+
+If the L-thread has been affinitized to a different NUMA node then the memory
+resources associated with it may incur longer access latency.
+
+The commonly used pattern of setting affinity on entry to a thread after it has
+started, means that memory allocation for both the stack and TLS will have been
+made from caches on the NUMA node on which the threads creator is running.
+This has the side effect that access latency will be sub-optimal after
+affinitizing.
+
+This side effect can be mitigated to some extent (although not completely) by
+specifying the destination CPU as a parameter of ``lthread_create()`` this
+causes the L-thread's stack and TLS to be allocated when it is first scheduled
+on the destination scheduler, if the destination is a on another NUMA node it
+results in a more optimal memory allocation.
+
+Note that the lthread struct itself remains allocated from memory on the
+creating node, this is unavoidable because an L-thread is known everywhere by
+the address of this struct.
+
+
+.. _object_cache_sizing:
+
+Object cache sizing
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The per lcore object caches pre-allocate objects in bulk whenever a request to
+allocate an object finds a cache empty. By default 100 objects are
+pre-allocated, this is defined by ``LTHREAD_PREALLOC`` in the public API
+header file lthread_api.h. This means that the caches constantly grow to meet
+system demand.
+
+In the present implementation there is no mechanism to reduce the cache sizes
+if system demand reduces. Thus the caches will remain at their maximum extent
+indefinitely.
+
+A consequence of the bulk pre-allocation of objects is that every 100 (default
+value) additional new object create operations results in a call to
+``rte_malloc()``. For creation of objects such as L-threads, which trigger the
+allocation of even more objects (i.e. their stacks and TLS) then this can
+cause outliers in scheduling performance.
+
+If this is a problem the simplest mitigation strategy is to dimension the
+system, by setting the bulk object pre-allocation size to some large number
+that you do not expect to be exceeded. This means the caches will be populated
+once only, the very first time a thread is created.
+
+
+.. _Ready_queue_backlog:
+
+Ready queue backlog
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+One of the more subtle performance considerations is managing the ready queue
+backlog. The fewer threads that are waiting in the ready queue then the faster
+any particular thread will get serviced.
+
+In a naive L-thread application with N L-threads simply looping and yielding,
+this backlog will always be equal to the number of L-threads, thus the cost of
+a yield to a particular L-thread will be N times the context switch time.
+
+This side effect can be mitigated by arranging for threads to be suspended and
+wait to be resumed, rather than polling for work by constantly yielding.
+Blocking on a mutex or condition variable or even more obviously having a
+thread sleep if it has a low frequency workload are all mechanisms by which a
+thread can be excluded from the ready queue until it really does need to be
+run. This can have a significant positive impact on performance.
+
+
+.. _Initialization_and_shutdown_dependencies:
+
+Initialization, shutdown and dependencies
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The L-thread subsystem depends on DPDK for huge page allocation and depends on
+the ``rte_timer subsystem``. The DPDK EAL initialization and
+``rte_timer_subsystem_init()`` **MUST** be completed before the L-thread sub
+system can be used.
+
+Thereafter initialization of the L-thread subsystem is largely transparent to
+the application. Constructor functions ensure that global variables are properly
+initialized. Other than global variables each scheduler is initialized
+independently the first time that an L-thread is created by a particular EAL
+thread.
+
+If the schedulers are to be run as isolated and independent schedulers, with
+no intention that L-threads running on different schedulers will migrate between
+schedulers or synchronize with L-threads running on other schedulers, then
+initialization consists simply of creating an L-thread, and then running the
+L-thread scheduler.
+
+If there will be interaction between L-threads running on different schedulers,
+then it is important that the starting of schedulers on different EAL threads
+is synchronized.
+
+To achieve this an additional initialization step is necessary, this is simply
+to set the number of schedulers by calling the API function
+``lthread_num_schedulers_set(n)``, where ``n`` is the number of EAL threads
+that will run L-thread schedulers. Setting the number of schedulers to a
+number greater than 0 will cause all schedulers to wait until the others have
+started before beginning to schedule L-threads.
+
+The L-thread scheduler is started by calling the function ``lthread_run()``
+and should be called from the EAL thread and thus become the main loop of the
+EAL thread.
+
+The function ``lthread_run()``, will not return until all threads running on
+the scheduler have exited, and the scheduler has been explicitly stopped by
+calling ``lthread_scheduler_shutdown(lcore)`` or
+``lthread_scheduler_shutdown_all()``.
+
+All these function do is tell the scheduler that it can exit when there are no
+longer any running L-threads, neither function forces any running L-thread to
+terminate. Any desired application shutdown behavior must be designed and
+built into the application to ensure that L-threads complete in a timely
+manner.
+
+**Important Note:** It is assumed when the scheduler exits that the application
+is terminating for good, the scheduler does not free resources before exiting
+and running the scheduler a subsequent time will result in undefined behavior.
+
+
+.. _porting_legacy_code_to_run_on_lthreads:
+
+Porting legacy code to run on L-threads
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Legacy code originally written for a pthread environment may be ported to
+L-threads if the considerations about differences in scheduling policy, and
+constraints discussed in the previous sections can be accommodated.
+
+This section looks in more detail at some of the issues that may have to be
+resolved when porting code.
+
+
+.. _pthread_API_compatibility:
+
+pthread API compatibility
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The first step is to establish exactly which pthread APIs the legacy
+application uses, and to understand the requirements of those APIs. If there
+are corresponding L-lthread APIs, and where the default pthread functionality
+is used by the application then, notwithstanding the other issues discussed
+here, it should be feasible to run the application with L-threads. If the
+legacy code modifies the default behavior using attributes then if may be
+necessary to make some adjustments to eliminate those requirements.
+
+
+.. _blocking_system_calls:
+
+Blocking system API calls
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+It is important to understand what other system services the application may be
+using, bearing in mind that in a cooperatively scheduled environment a thread
+cannot block without stalling the scheduler and with it all other cooperative
+threads. Any kind of blocking system call, for example file or socket IO, is a
+potential problem, a good tool to analyze the application for this purpose is
+the ``strace`` utility.
+
+There are many strategies to resolve these kind of issues, each with it
+merits. Possible solutions include:
+
+* Adopting a polled mode of the system API concerned (if available).
+
+* Arranging for another core to perform the function and synchronizing with
+ that core via constructs that will not block the L-thread.
+
+* Affinitizing the thread to another scheduler devoted (as a matter of policy)
+ to handling threads wishing to make blocking calls, and then back again when
+ finished.
+
+
+.. _porting_locks_and_spinlocks:
+
+Locks and spinlocks
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Locks and spinlocks are another source of blocking behavior that for the same
+reasons as system calls will need to be addressed.
+
+If the application design ensures that the contending L-threads will always
+run on the same scheduler then it its probably safe to remove locks and spin
+locks completely.
+
+The only exception to the above rule is if for some reason the
+code performs any kind of context switch whilst holding the lock
+(e.g. yield, sleep, or block on a different lock, or on a condition variable).
+This will need to determined before deciding to eliminate a lock.
+
+If a lock cannot be eliminated then an L-thread mutex can be substituted for
+either kind of lock.
+
+An L-thread blocking on an L-thread mutex will be suspended and will cause
+another ready L-thread to be resumed, thus not blocking the scheduler. When
+default behavior is required, it can be used as a direct replacement for a
+pthread mutex lock.
+
+Spin locks are typically used when lock contention is likely to be rare and
+where the period during which the lock may be held is relatively short.
+When the contending L-threads are running on the same scheduler then an
+L-thread blocking on a spin lock will enter an infinite loop stopping the
+scheduler completely (see :ref:`porting_infinite_loops` below).
+
+If the application design ensures that contending L-threads will always run
+on different schedulers then it might be reasonable to leave a short spin lock
+that rarely experiences contention in place.
+
+If after all considerations it appears that a spin lock can neither be
+eliminated completely, replaced with an L-thread mutex, or left in place as
+is, then an alternative is to loop on a flag, with a call to
+``lthread_yield()`` inside the loop (n.b. if the contending L-threads might
+ever run on different schedulers the flag will need to be manipulated
+atomically).
+
+Spinning and yielding is the least preferred solution since it introduces
+ready queue backlog (see also :ref:`ready_queue_backlog`).
+
+
+.. _porting_sleeps_and_delays:
+
+Sleeps and delays
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Yet another kind of blocking behavior (albeit momentary) are delay functions
+like ``sleep()``, ``usleep()``, ``nanosleep()`` etc. All will have the
+consequence of stalling the L-thread scheduler and unless the delay is very
+short (e.g. a very short nanosleep) calls to these functions will need to be
+eliminated.
+
+The simplest mitigation strategy is to use the L-thread sleep API functions,
+of which two variants exist, ``lthread_sleep()`` and ``lthread_sleep_clks()``.
+These functions start an rte_timer against the L-thread, suspend the L-thread
+and cause another ready L-thread to be resumed. The suspended L-thread is
+resumed when the rte_timer matures.
+
+
+.. _porting_infinite_loops:
+
+Infinite loops
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Some applications have threads with loops that contain no inherent
+rescheduling opportunity, and rely solely on the OS time slicing to share
+the CPU. In a cooperative environment this will stop everything dead. These
+kind of loops are not hard to identify, in a debug session you will find the
+debugger is always stopping in the same loop.
+
+The simplest solution to this kind of problem is to insert an explicit
+``lthread_yield()`` or ``lthread_sleep()`` into the loop. Another solution
+might be to include the function performed by the loop into the execution path
+of some other loop that does in fact yield, if this is possible.
+
+
+.. _porting_thread_local_storage:
+
+Thread local storage
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+If the application uses thread local storage, the use case should be
+studied carefully.
+
+In a legacy pthread application either or both the ``__thread`` prefix, or the
+pthread set/get specific APIs may have been used to define storage local to a
+pthread.
+
+In some applications it may be a reasonable assumption that the data could
+or in fact most likely should be placed in L-thread local storage.
+
+If the application (like many DPDK applications) has assumed a certain
+relationship between a pthread and the CPU to which it is affinitized, there
+is a risk that thread local storage may have been used to save some data items
+that are correctly logically associated with the CPU, and others items which
+relate to application context for the thread. Only a good understanding of the
+application will reveal such cases.
+
+If the application requires an that an L-thread is to be able to move between
+schedulers then care should be taken to separate these kinds of data, into per
+lcore, and per L-thread storage. In this way a migrating thread will bring with
+it the local data it needs, and pick up the new logical core specific values
+from pthread local storage at its new home.
+
+
+.. _pthread_shim:
+
+Pthread shim
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A convenient way to get something working with legacy code can be to use a
+shim that adapts pthread API calls to the corresponding L-thread ones.
+This approach will not mitigate any of the porting considerations mentioned
+in the previous sections, but it will reduce the amount of code churn that
+would otherwise been involved. It is a reasonable approach to evaluate
+L-threads, before investing effort in porting to the native L-thread APIs.
+
+
+Overview
+^^^^^^^^
+The L-thread subsystem includes an example pthread shim. This is a partial
+implementation but does contain the API stubs needed to get basic applications
+running. There is a simple "hello world" application that demonstrates the
+use of the pthread shim.
+
+A subtlety of working with a shim is that the application will still need
+to make use of the genuine pthread library functions, at the very least in
+order to create the EAL threads in which the L-thread schedulers will run.
+This is the case with DPDK initialization, and exit.
+
+To deal with the initialization and shutdown scenarios, the shim is capable of
+switching on or off its adaptor functionality, an application can control this
+behavior by the calling the function ``pt_override_set()``. The default state
+is disabled.
+
+The pthread shim uses the dynamic linker loader and saves the loaded addresses
+of the genuine pthread API functions in an internal table, when the shim
+functionality is enabled it performs the adaptor function, when disabled it
+invokes the genuine pthread function.
+
+The function ``pthread_exit()`` has additional special handling. The standard
+system header file pthread.h declares ``pthread_exit()`` with
+``__attribute__((noreturn))`` this is an optimization that is possible because
+the pthread is terminating and this enables the compiler to omit the normal
+handling of stack and protection of registers since the function is not
+expected to return, and in fact the thread is being destroyed. These
+optimizations are applied in both the callee and the caller of the
+``pthread_exit()`` function.
+
+In our cooperative scheduling environment this behavior is inadmissible. The
+pthread is the L-thread scheduler thread, and, although an L-thread is
+terminating, there must be a return to the scheduler in order that the system
+can continue to run. Further, returning from a function with attribute
+``noreturn`` is invalid and may result in undefined behavior.
+
+The solution is to redefine the ``pthread_exit`` function with a macro,
+causing it to be mapped to a stub function in the shim that does not have the
+``noreturn`` attribute. This macro is defined in the file
+``pthread_shim.h``. The stub function is otherwise no different than any of
+the other stub functions in the shim, and will switch between the real
+``pthread_exit()`` function or the ``lthread_exit()`` function as
+required. The only difference is that the mapping to the stub by macro
+substitution.
+
+A consequence of this is that the file ``pthread_shim.h`` must be included in
+legacy code wishing to make use of the shim. It also means that dynamic
+linkage of a pre-compiled binary that did not include pthread_shim.h is not be
+supported.
+
+Given the requirements for porting legacy code outlined in
+:ref:`porting_legacy_code_to_run_on_lthreads` most applications will require at
+least some minimal adjustment and recompilation to run on L-threads so
+pre-compiled binaries are unlikely to be met in practice.
+
+In summary the shim approach adds some overhead but can be a useful tool to help
+establish the feasibility of a code reuse project. It is also a fairly
+straightforward task to extend the shim if necessary.
+
+**Note:** Bearing in mind the preceding discussions about the impact of making
+blocking calls then switching the shim in and out on the fly to invoke any
+pthread API this might block is something that should typically be avoided.
+
+
+Building and running the pthread shim
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The shim example application is located in the sample application
+in the performance-thread folder
+
+To build and run the pthread shim example
+
+#. Go to the example applications folder
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ export RTE_SDK=/path/to/rte_sdk
+ cd ${RTE_SDK}/examples/performance-thread/pthread_shim
+
+
+#. Set the target (a default target is used if not specified). For example:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ export RTE_TARGET=x86_64-native-linuxapp-gcc
+
+ See the DPDK Getting Started Guide for possible RTE_TARGET values.
+
+#. Build the application:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ make
+
+#. To run the pthread_shim example
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ lthread-pthread-shim -c core_mask -n number_of_channels
+
+.. _lthread_diagnostics:
+
+L-thread Diagnostics
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When debugging you must take account of the fact that the L-threads are run in
+a single pthread. The current scheduler is defined by
+``RTE_PER_LCORE(this_sched)``, and the current lthread is stored at
+``RTE_PER_LCORE(this_sched)->current_lthread``. Thus on a breakpoint in a GDB
+session the current lthread can be obtained by displaying the pthread local
+variable ``per_lcore_this_sched->current_lthread``.
+
+Another useful diagnostic feature is the possibility to trace significant
+events in the life of an L-thread, this feature is enabled by changing the
+value of LTHREAD_DIAG from 0 to 1 in the file ``lthread_diag_api.h``.
+
+Tracing of events can be individually masked, and the mask may be programmed
+at run time. An unmasked event results in a callback that provides information
+about the event. The default callback simply prints trace information. The
+default mask is 0 (all events off) the mask can be modified by calling the
+function ``lthread_diagniostic_set_mask()``.
+
+It is possible register a user callback function to implement more
+sophisticated diagnostic functions.
+Object creation events (lthread, mutex, and condition variable) accept, and
+store in the created object, a user supplied reference value returned by the
+callback function.
+
+The lthread reference value is passed back in all subsequent event callbacks,
+the mutex and APIs are provided to retrieve the reference value from
+mutexes and condition variables. This enables a user to monitor, count, or
+filter for specific events, on specific objects, for example to monitor for a
+specific thread signalling a specific condition variable, or to monitor
+on all timer events, the possibilities and combinations are endless.
+
+The callback function can be set by calling the function
+``lthread_diagnostic_enable()`` supplying a callback function pointer and an
+event mask.
+
+Setting ``LTHREAD_DIAG`` also enables counting of statistics about cache and
+queue usage, and these statistics can be displayed by calling the function
+``lthread_diag_stats_display()``. This function also performs a consistency
+check on the caches and queues. The function should only be called from the
+master EAL thread after all slave threads have stopped and returned to the C
+main program, otherwise the consistency check will fail.
git.droids-corp.org / dpdk.git / commitdiff
